ELEMENTS OF THE
MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE
Mahmoud E. Yousif
E-mail: info@exmfpropulsions.com
C/O Physics Department - The
PACS No:
41.20.-q
ABSTRACT
Magnetic
interaction hypotheses (MIH) consider magnetic lines of force (MLF) as an
interaction medium for charged particles, where several mechanisms take place.
For importance of MLF, this paper shows elements such as, the number of MLF per
unit area, number of MLF along sides of an area, distance between two MLF, as
derived from specific magnetic field. It also shows how to obtain magnetic
field when these elements are known.
1- INTRODUCTION
Based on the magnetic interaction hypothesis (MIH) [1], magnetic lines of force (MLF) or magnetic centers of
intensities (MLF) have primary elements, such as the number of MLF in square metre, number of MLF along side of such an area and the distance between
two MLF. Knowledge of these elements represents the bases for building higher
blocks for phenomenon such as the energization of charged particles on
macro-scales. These higher blocks could help unlock several mysteries, among
them are: The nuclear fusion mechanism [2], aurora mechanisms [3] and others
[4]. This paper report derivation of these elements, it also gives the equivalent magnetic
field when any of these elements is known.
2- ELEMENTS OF MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE
By
introducing the convention that specific magnetic lines of force (MLF)
represent a specific magnetic field, Michael Faraday gave amount producing one
volt [5]. Since the number of MLF is the main factor behind magnetic field
strength (B), [6], therefore magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength
could be represented by an equivalent number of MLF, where the magnetic field
strength B, defined as " the number of flux lines per unit area that
permeate the magnetic field, [7] is given by:
Since 1 Weber =108 Maxwell (M)
[8], therefore Eq.(1) could be given by:
1 web = 1 Tesla. meter2 = 108
M
Magnetic field given by Eq. (1:2) is caused
by specific number of MLF. As showed by Faraday, one volt can be induced in a
coil or a wire if it cuts 108 MLF per second, induced e.m.f. is one
volt per turn [5].
Therefore any magnetic field strength
"B" is transferable to an equivalent number of MLF such that
Where, B is the magnetic field in Tesla (T),
NA is the equivalent number of MLF in a cross-sectional area of one
square metre and due to the field B, 108 is the determined number of
MLF in cross-sectional area of one meter square due to magnetic field strength.
Number of MLF along each sides, is denoted by
"NS", it is given by:
Where LS give the number of MLF
along a distance of one meter.
Along each meter, the distance between two
MLF, varied accordance to the strength of
a given magnetic field, this distance is denoted by "D" such
that
3-
DERIVING MAGNETIC FIELD FROM THE ELEMENTS
If specific number of MLF "NA"
is known, the equivalent magnetic field intensity B is derived by
If the number NS of the MLF along
one metre is known, the equivalent magnetic field intensity ' B ' is given by
If the
distance D between two MLF is known, its equivalent magnetic field intensity is
derived by
Fig.1. Cross-Sectional area
showing elements of the geomagnetic lines of force
at Nairobi (Kenya)
observatory, as given by example 1, and shown in Table 1.
4- EXAMPLE
Measurements
of geomagnetic field intensity, was carried out at Nairobi Observatory centre
in June-1980 (Prof. J.P. Patel Physics Department,
Using Eqs.{3},
{4}, and {5} the number of MLF in square metre, the number of the MLF along one
metre and the distance between two MLF at the observatory were calculated and
are given in Table.1, while Fig.1 shows
layout of these elements.
|
ELEMENTS |
VALUE |
|
NA |
34101 lines |
|
NS |
58.39606151 lines/metre |
|
D |
0.017124442 metre (or1.7124442 cm) |
Table.1. The elements of geomagnetic lines of force at Nairobi
Observatory. It shows number of the geomagnetic lines of force (NA),
number along each sides NS (of one metre), and the distance between
two magnetic lines of force (D), using Eqs.{3}, {4}, and {5}, as shown in
Fig.1.
5- CONCLUSION
1- Magnetic lines of force (MLF) could have the name of
magnetic centers
of intensities (MLF).
1- Elements of MLF enrich the
knowledge of understanding magnetic field.
2- Any magnetic
field or geomagnetic field elements can be determined using these equations.
3- Since the aim
of this paper is to prepare the ground for further studies, therefore this
paper is regarded as a reference.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My gratitude to my sister Sophya and her husband
Abubakar Mohamad for their hospitality. The Chairman of Physics Department,
University of Nairobi, Prof. B.O. Kola, Dr Lino Gwak and Dr John Buers Awuor in
the Physics Department. Cdr. Malik Agar, Ms Fatma Abdulgadir, the stuff of Nuba
Relief, Rehabilitation and Development (NRRDO), particularly. Brothers and
sisters, Mustafa, Mahamad, Halima, and Hukmalla.
6- REFERENCE
[1] Yousif, Mahmoud E. “The Magnetic
Interaction”, Comprehensive Theory Articles, Journal of Theoretics, Vol. 5-3,
June/July 2003.
[2] Elwell D. and A.J. 1978 Pointon Physics for Engineers and Scientists,
Ellis Horwood Ltd.
[3] Hultqvist 1967 (
[4] The Report of The National Commission on Space 1986
Pioneering The Space Frontier, Bantom Books,
[5] Nightingale E., Magnetism and Electricity, G. Bell
and Sons Ltd.
[6] The
[7] Trinklein, F. E., Modern Physics, Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, N.Y, 1990).
[8] The Vacuum Schemelze Hand Book 1979 Soft Magnetic
Materials, Edit. By Richard Boll, Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Heyden &Son
Ltd. Pp 82.
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