____________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION TO THE
EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD PROPULSION
Mahmoud E. Yousif
C/O Physics Department - The
Nairobi-Kenya
1:0 INTRODUCTION
Last four decades witnessed great development of human understanding and quality of life, with consequences of great production and consumption of fossil energies leading to worries of those who care for human prosperities [1, 2].
The belief of some in a divine intervention that may transform this planet into a heaven can’t be materialized unless an ideal solution for advanced alternative for energy and propulsion system is found.
In that regard, what is the ideal energy and propulsion system ever thought of by Physicists, Aerospace Engineers or even Astrophysics?
Human imagination for that ideal
propulsion had led to innovative hypothesis based on current science, such as Worm Hole
transportation, Alcubierre’s "Warp Drive", Negative mass propulsion, Millis’s hypothetical "Space
Drives", Hypothetical Differential Sail, Hypothetical Diode Sail,
Hypothetical Induction Sail,
All these great efforts showed that, the mental background behind these hypotheses is the work for ideal spaceship propulsion, which should compose of the following conditions:
1- A field (magnetic, electric gravity or any new proposals) should be used to obtain that propulsion.
2- The above field should be produced external of the spaceship.
3- The required propellant for such field should not be part of the spaceship payload, or minor percentage of that.
4- The speed resulted from such propulsion should exceed that of light.
5- It should overcome Einstein light barrier.
At present, some of above theories [3, 4] aimed at propelling objects using a field, but the practicalities for these hypotheses are the criterion. A different approach was developed that abides by the above conditions; it was initiated by an unnatural apple; that was an entry of an extraterrestrial spaceship to our earth equatorial atmosphere.
The suggested proposal of External Magnetic Field Propulsion (ExMF-P) has the following characteristics:
1- To propel a spaceship (or earthly objects) using ExMF.
2- The ExMF to be produced external of the spaceship.
3- The ExMF is produced external of the atom.
4- The propellants to produce the ExMF are charged particles (electrons and protons); they can be captured from the interplanetary or interstellar space. Or carried as a payload, with total mass less than 5% of the spaceship.
5- To attain momentarily unimaginable force and speed.
6- It may help the quest for better understand of gravity and antigravity.
This work, although based on strong motivation, is open for debate and improvement, in order to achieve these human goals. But what was the inspiration that had initiated these researches, which finally yielded the ExMF-P?
Finally, this paper is written to
introduce the reader to the complete propulsion paper title "EXTERNAL
MAGNETIC FIELD PROPULSION AND FLYING OBJECTS"
Which
was first published incompletely with missing two figures (6 & 7) and two
graphs at Americanantigravity.
2:0 HISTORICAL INSPIRATIONAL ENTRY
It all started on January 15, 1995 around 1:28 AM, in Kampala (0.35o N, 32.5o E) the Capital of Uganda, when I saw what I first thought a meteor, but in realizing the increases in its magnitude, I start thought it could be a huge meteorite, linking it to Arizona crater or that of South Africa, and the consequences of such impact on the city.
I ran to the club window called for my friend Mr. Walugembe Kiweewa with whom we were playing chess to come and see the huge thing which is going to fall over Kampala, I turned to see their response, he was rushing towards the door, with other three among them Mrs Annette Nabattle the owner of that club.
I turned back to watch in great surprise, the bright light which became in seconds an enormous cylindrical object, with extremely bright light emanating from a huge (what looked like) porthole at the front hemisphere, with four or six other equally spaced portholes extending along the side of the spaceship, the bright lights becomes dimmer towards the rear.
The body of the object was shiny and silvered by the full moon reflection; there were five bands of intense red light, emerging from the central part of the spaceship towards the end, where they mixed with an enormous and intense red light that emerged from the rear hemisphere and which seemed to extend beyond the full length of the spaceship.
Some striking points were observed at that moment, they were:
While watching, the logical question that entered my mind was, to whom does this new spaceship belong? But also, why did it enter the earth environment like the Shuttle?
Clearly what we witnessed was an entry or re-entry of a spaceship, through the earth's atmosphere, but is there any knowledge about discovery or existence of such an advanced system of propulsion worldwide? Is it possible for any government to hide such enormous machines from the media? If it orbits the earth, can it not be detected by amateur astronomers who are able to detect bodies of less that five meters at distances of thousands kilometers above the earth?
Therefore, my conclusion was that what we had witnessed was an entry of a spaceship from a different world that was controlled by different intelligence.
After settled in Nairobi-Kenya, I went back to Kampala in May five month after the sighting, and met with Mr. Kiweewa, he told me how one of his neighbor had told him two weeks after the sighting that he saw something one night but he afraid telling him because he can't believe him, my friend asked what was it? He said at that night, he quarrel with his wife and went to balcony; while there he suddenly saw a huge cylindrical object, long red light at rear and bright light coming from the front part; to his surprise my friend told him he believed him because he saw the same thing, the man felt greatly relieved.
I told Mr. Kiweewa, that I thought carefully about the whole episode and I am only regret that I called them, because by doing that I missed a specific moment, the moment when I turned to see their response (when I saw them coming rushing from the club), because during that specific moment, the object turned from the bright ball light into the cylindrical object; that moment was of great interest to me, because it shows how the operational mechanisms of the object came into action? he replied "but now at least you do have people who can believe in what you have seen", continuing "do you think I can believe you if you return back telling me that you saw a huge cylindrical object flying over Kampala without a wing and a sound?"
Whether he is justified or not, I felt there was something important missing part to be seen at that historical moment, but on the other hand the presence of my friend formed some confidence, without which one can force to doubt about his own mental capabilities.
I couldn’t determined what was important, because what may looks important for me not necessarily be for others, may be with an internal pressure one can reach an state of doubting his own sense, due to the external reaction.
In that second meeting I asked him about the number of portholes, he said it was either five or six, but Mrs Annette said it could be even fourteen, of course she over estimated the number, maybe due to her emotional state at that moment.
3:0 WHAT IS A UFO?
Understanding the meaning and depth of what we had witnessed, particularly after having a hard time with some journalists at the New Vision (a leading newspaper in Uganda), and then an officer in the metrological department at Entebbe office, who had reported to the journalists at the above paper that, what we saw "most likely a low-flying satellite," and added that, "if the object allegedly seen over Kampala skis was moving from South to North, it was likely to have been a satellite," and that, "such satellites, usually at about 40 km above sea level were used to collect data, especially by taking photographs" [6].
We certainly saw something, but it was misinterpreted by others to an extent which shook our confidence in our own senses and logical analysis, so that above all no body can ever believed what we saw.
This
object, as I later realized and understood through UFO
literature, was of course what is referred to as being an Unidentified Flying
Object (UFO) [7, 8]. Needless to say, UFOs cause
great confusion and frustration among officials whenever witnesses report them
because they contradict the present knowledge of Science [9, 10], and perhaps
because those contradictions get amplified because of the differing
interpretations of them that are provided by various groups involved in the
Ufology field who work from different backgrounds and interests, and so the
whole subject of Ufology has become an untouchable field of research.
But
for me, I became obsessed with the whole episode, because it had raised the
challenge of thinking in the wonder behind the power source of that moving
energy.
4:0 CAN THE PRESENT FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS THE PROBLEM?
For me, the continual question was; "what is the propulsion mechanism behind such spaceship? And on what science is it based?
That same question was asked by others, the search for that answer was conducted from the present fundamental physics, or how can we explain these Symposiums conducted by NATO to study different mechanisms of aurora? [11].
If UFOs are driven by aurora
related mechanisms, with curvature
structures, can it be decoded to give meaningful interpretation using present
fundamental physics?
It is strange that with the present great
developments in quantum mechanics, and
technological achievements, the present scientific knowledge about aurora mechanisms is too faint, for instance, how do the low
energy solar winds become amplified to such enormous energies at the
magnetosphere boundary? [12, 13] Failure to understand this has led to the
present failure to exploit natural Universal Energies.
That
same aurora is known and seen to manifest itself in different forms of
curvatures, with names reflecting that such as, arc, band, Coronal and corona [14],
others takes the fan shaped corona of geomagnetic field [15]. It is also known
that aurora takes the form and curvature of low geomagnetic fields [14, 16],
and that aurora light is due to some mechanism related to the presence of
enormous amounts of electrons and protons (charged particles) around these
fields [16]. With occurrence of aurora on earth and Jupiter [17] therefore, it
could be a universal phenomenon that may posess a fundamental and natural
mechanism.
On
the other hand, there is a need for more clarification in the realm of
fundamental physics regarding the nature and mechanisms regarding the issues of
magnetic forces, atomic structure, nucleus binding force, formation of neutrons,
disintegration of neutrons and etc ... Similarly, the role of magnetic force in
bonding electrons with proton in the nucleus is confused, as too the fusion
question! Let alone the question of subatomic particles?
Answers
to these and other questions, can help in the understanding of the curvature
aurora, which could open a new dimensions for the required energies, but since
these answers have not been seriously addressed these questions will remain
unanswered. On the other hand, QM closed many doors for other alternatives,
while at the same time by considering UFOs witnessed in the sky as a bad dream
or a hallucination, or at best, regard as enigmas that continually challenge
the scientific world [9].
The
present foundation of physics developed by Quantum Mechanics interpretations,
was based on mathematical arrangements for the natural phenomena, it has
reached its maximum ability in explaining past and present experimental
phenomena. These mathematical manipulations can’t allow for an invention that
can fulfill future human needs, because it lost touch with nature when it
developed for itself assumptions that were based on probabilities rather than
discovering the true mechanisms of the natural microscopic world, and because
nobody question whether nature so complicated in performing its tasks? Nobody
except the great Einstein of course! [18].
Present
situation forced some caring scientist, while advocating for present new researches
to state that "it will take a more
open minded scientific community than the present one to even consider the
reality of what has been thus far reported"
[1].
5:0 THE PROPOSED NEW FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
When I failed to get answers for the red light curved bands or aurora (of the Alien spaceship) within the present sciences and fundamental physics, I returned back into history searching for a clue, it all concentrated in the history of the magnetic field and the following three equations:
When the magnetic effects due to electric current was discovered in 1819 by Hans Christian Oersted [19], André Ampère determined the circular shape of the magnetic field around conductor carrying electric current [20], and gave formula for a force between two conductors carrying electric current as:
Where, k is 10 N/A, I and I are the current in both
conductors in amperes, l is length of the
conductors in meters, d is distance between both conductors in meters and the
force F is in
On the other hand, magnitude of
magnetic field around moving electrons or protons or their circular magnetic
field (CMF) [21, 22, 23] is given by
Where, c is the speed of light, q is
the particle's charge in coulombs, v is the charged particles velocity in ms-1,
rm is the magnetic radius at which the CMF is measured (representing
rme and rmp or electron's and proton's magnetic radius
respectively). The circular magnetic field B2 is given in Tesla.
The Lorentz force is given with electric-magnetic
parameters by
Where, q is the angle between the trajectory
and the fields the force Fe.m. is in
Equations (1 and 3), while expressing magnetic
forces; they were formulated using electrical parameters.
An interpretation of the magnetic forces using magnetic parameters was presented in four papers, they are:
a-
THE MAGNETIC INTERACTION HYPOTHESIS (MIH) [24]
Mechanism
behind the attractive and repulsive forces given by Eq.(1) is due to the
interaction of magnetic lines of force attractively or repulsively, therefore,
the force is expressed magnetically
by
Where, constant k= 2x10-7
Newton per square ampere, Bc1 and BC2 are circular
magnetic field (CMF) around both conductors (in Tesla) produced by conductors C1
and C2 respectively, while r1 and r2 are the
CMF's radii in metre, l1 is the length of the conductor in
metres.
For the force given by Eq.(3),
relating it to Eq.(2), therefore the magnetic force resulted from the Magnetic
Interaction, is given by
Where, q is the angle between the two fields,
B1 is the magnetic field in Tesla, B2
is the CMF produced electrons and protons given by Eq. (2) in Tesla, rm
is the CMF's radius in meters and the magnetic force F
is in
Eq.{4}
and {5} express the dual nature of The Magnetic Interaction (MI), a base upon which a new fundamental physics is
established, it suggests and explains to great satisfaction issues such as:
1- Magnetic Potential Difference mechanism.
2- Energization of charged particles on micro scales.
3- Magnitude of spinning magnetic field (SMF) produced by protons.
3- Interaction of two SMF magnetically gives raise to nuclear force.
4- Atomic model, stabilized by balance of
electrostatic and magnetic force.
5- Orbital electron is continually energized and dissipated by the motion.
6- Specific energy, radius, velocity is possessed by orbital electrons.
5- Production of spectral lines in reproducible manner, and in line with Planck’s theory.
b- ELEMENTS OF THE MAGNETIC LINES OF FORCE (EMLF)[25]
The paper shows elements of the magnetic lines of force such as,
1- Number of Magnetic Lines of Force (MLF) per unit area.
2- Number of MLF along sides of an area.
3- Distance between two MLF, as derived from specific magnetic field.
4- How to obtain magnetic field when above elements are known.
c- THE SPINNING MAGNETIC FORCE (SMF)[26]
The paper deals with the following issues:
1- Suggested magnitudes for the polar Spinning Magnetic Field (SMF) produced by protons, electrons and neutrons.
2- Presents Spinning Magnetic
Force (SM-force) or the nuclear force that
results from interactions of electrons protons and neutrons with each other.
3- Production of neutrons from interaction of
electrons and protons.
4- Energies resulting from these interactions and mass
changes.
d- The UNIVERSAL ENERGIES (UE)[27]
This paper suggested the followings:
1- A mechanism for macro-energization of electrons and protons.
2- Production of External Magnetic Field (ExMF).
3- Proton
fusion mechanism.
4- Energies resulting from the above
fusions.
5- Electron fusion or a mechanism that produces Angel Hair [28].
6:0 THE EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD PROPULSION
Outer
space is a natural dream for humanity; these dreams were intensified by space
flights of both Yuri Gagarin and Neil Armstrong who executed this part of the
deep rooted desire of humanity to liberate itself from this universal jail.
The
External Magnetic Field Propulsion is aimed to fulfill these desires and to help
the process by providing the renewable, alternative and environmentally-friendly
energy for the prosperities of our planet earth.
As a dual or an alternative scientific base, the MI hypothesis with related papers, provides the bases to investigate and develop some phenomenon, such as:
1-
Energization of charged particles
which represents the main
2- Production of intense external
magnetic field (ExMF)
out of the atom.
3- Utilizing Faraday's discovery in
1832, that diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic field [19].
4- An experiment conducted for
Kapitza magnetic field in1923, where a glass rod 3 mm. in diameter was
subjected to a magnetic field of 30 Tesla, a strong translational force
resulted in repelling the glass rod to height of
5- In line with the above,
These
hints represent scattered ideas that were then grouped together and linked with
the above sighting, which lead to the suggestion for a device to capture and
energized electrons [32]. The system consists of an electric motor the spindle
of which is fixed with another electric motor that is attached with solenoid,
the rotating low magnetic field (RLMF) produced by this solenoid when
it interacts with an ionized electrons (by near to ultra violet bright light),
produces an ExMF that will build up, with many electrons leading to an
energization of the electrons [27], if several turns of conductor are fixed in front of
such a rotating ExMF, an electromotive force will be produced on the terminals,
the idea [33]
is used to develop Searl effects Generator (SEG) [34], given by THE MODIFIED
ROSCHIN GODIN SEARL GENERATORS, (M-RG-Searl-G)
.The
unit, if assembled with a diamagnetic material (bismuth), in which the RLMF
is made to penetrate through the bismuth, where it interacts with the ionized
electrons an ExMF is produced which energizes the electrons [27], hence the ExMF interacts with the bismuth to
produce the ExMF operational force (FExO) given by
Where, cD is the susceptibility of the bismuth, ca is the susceptibility of the air between the
diamagnetic material and the produced ExMF, VD is the volume of the bismuth upon which ExMF
falls in m3, l is the
length of the produced ExMF (or the vertical field
gradient), BEI is the intensity produced ExMF, and the produced ExMF
operational force (FExO) is in Newtons.
The produced ExMF operational force (FExO) can then be used to drive different systems such as rotating machines (to generate electricity), wheel based wagons, track wagons, sea vessels, drilling machines, and inter-Earth flying objects and spaceship for outer-space travel, as shown in Fig.1.
7:0 STRUCTURE of THE FLYING
OBJECTS (FO)
The
cylindrical type of presented new flying objects (FO) is shown in Fig.1,
named Mothership Jedia (M-Jedia), another type is a saucer
or an oval shaped ship named Sky Kush (S-Kush) [32].
Both
FOs
consist of an external body made of bismuth 1 it is part of the propellant and
internal body 2 is made of ferromagnetic material to carry the payloads of
occupants and instruments and serves to divert the intense (and potentially
harmful) ExMF from the interior.
8:0 FORCES OF
THE FLYING OBJECTS
For
M-Jedia
shown in Fig.1, to fly, it should raise from the ground using the ExMF
ascending force (FExA), then at desired altitude the FExA
can be reduced to balance with the local gravitational force (Fg),
thus an ExMF levitation force (FExL) results which
allows M-Jedia to hover in the air some altitude above the ground
level. At that altitude, the M-Jedia can operate the ExMF
driving force (FExD) to propel it forwardly. Due to the size and
shape of M-Jedia, an ExMF stability force (FExS)
will be required to keep it balanced while in flight or while maneuvering into
special inclined positions. Stopping or reducing the speed of M-Jedia
requires the usage of the ExMF brake force (FExB),
which produces a force opposite to the main drive force (FExD). A
combination of both FExA and FExD produce ExMF
resultant force (FExR) which gives various flight trajectories and
velocities.
9:0 OPERATION
MECHANISMS OF THE FLYING OBJECTS
The
three main forces FExA, FExD and FExB
are produced in the following manner:
Motors
3, 4 and 5 rotate series of axles and solenoids, thus the produce RLMF
15 and 16 that penetrate the bismuth 1, which then interacts with the ionized
electrons producing ExMF with aurora light [35]. The ExMF interacts with the
bismuth 1, where the following forces can be produced:
1- ExMF ascending force (FExA) thereby lifting MS-J
upwards.
2- ExMF levitation force (FExL), when FExA
= Fg,
allowing MS-J to hover at some altitudes above the ground.
3- ExMF driving force (FExD), moves MS-J
forward.
4- ExMF brake force (FExB), as MS-J
is propelled by enormous force, this force is produced at the front to reduce
the speed or stop the MS-J.
5- ExMF resulting force (FExR), results from both FExA
and FExD,
it determines the trajectory flight of MS-J.
As
an elongated cylindrical in shape, MS-J needs a stability force during
flight or while hovering, as shown in Fig.1, motor 4 rotates axle 7 on which a
plate 17 is mounted on bearings, it is connected with eight long solenoids 18
with special electric motor to rotate the solenoid, each of which produces RLMF
out of MS-J which interacts with the ionized electrons, producing ExMF
and aurora light. The ExMF interacts with bismuth 1
producing ExMF FExS force, shown in Fig.
1.
The
distance covered by the stability solenoids extends from mid-way to the end of
the Mothership and there will be generated a substantial balance force that
should be adequate for most flight situations.
10:0 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EXMF-PS OPERATIONAL
Operation
characteristics of ExMF-PS for Mothership Jedia, can be related as similar to
numerous phenomena observed by UFO witnesses, as reported in books [7, 9, 10, 36],
these characteristics, include the following:
Production
of momentarily strong force (which can exceed magnitude of 1020
Newton), Hovering, aurora light, emitted smoke, agitation of water, boiling of
water, angel hair, floating cloud-like downwards, and its returning back,
disruption on ignition electronics of cars and of the grid cables, generation
of heat, spinning (of the disk shaped like the Kush) [32], radiation of different colors, hum, whistling and
complex cornfield circles as shown in Fig.1 formed by rotating ExMF
that breaks the stalks, this can even produce much stranger shapes.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Special thanks to Mr. Paul E. Potter for reviewing this paper and his valuable ideas.
11:0 GLOSSARY
BEI: Intense produced ExMF.
ExMF: External Magnetic Field.
ExMF-P: External Magnetic Field Propulsion.
ExMF-PS: External Magnetic Field Propulsion System.
FExA: ExMF ascending force.
FExB: ExMF brake force.
FExD: ExMF driving force.
FExL: ExMF levitation force.
FExO: the ExMF operational force.
FExR: ExMF resulting Force.
FExS: ExMF stability force.
Fg: local gravitational force.
FO: flying objects.
FT: translational force.
MIH: the magnetic interaction hypothesis.
RLMF: rotating low magnetic fields.
SEG: the Searl Effect Generator.
SMF: the Spinning Magnetic Force.
UE: universal energies.
ca: susceptibility of material adjacent to the diamagnetic surface (i.e. the air).
cD: susceptibility of the diamagnetic material.
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Potter.
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36-
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